全真教与女真和蒙古统治集团之关系探析

摘要

Quanzhen Taoism rose by the strife of the Han people in northern China when contradictions between northern ethnics became intense in the periods of the Jin and the Yuan kingdom. So it was complicatedly re- lated with the Nuzhen and Mongolian ruling cliques. Conclusively speaking, the Nuzhen rulers mainly carried out a suppressing policy to Quanzhen Taoism but the Mongolian rulers persisted largely in preferential treatment to it. In addition to their respective realistic interests, these different relationships were concerned considerably with the two peoples' different attitudes to religion, namely, the Nuzhen ruler' s fiat attitude but the Mongolian ruler' s crazy at- titude to religion. Therefore, in the course of government, the Nuzhen rulers cared much about controlling religious activity but the Mongolian rulers were much tolerant of it, which was also demonstrated by the rise anf fall of Quanzhen Taoism in those times.%全真教是在金元时期北方民族矛盾非常尖锐的背景下,由汉族人推动发展起来的,它与女真、蒙古统治集团的关系非常复杂。总括而言,女真统治者对全真教以压制为主,而蒙古统治者则以优遇为主。这种关系是女真或蒙古统治集团根据其统治利益而决定的。除了当时的现实利益外,还与这两个民族对宗教的态度有相当关系。比较而言,女真统治者对宗教较平淡,而蒙古统治者对宗教则较狂热。这样,在施行统治的过程中,女真对宗教就比较注意控制,而蒙古当然就比较宽容。全真教在金元时期的沉浮,就充分说明了这一点。