高等教育本质的变迁--基于美国高等教育发展史的考察

摘要

The Essence of Higher Education has always been a fundamental theoretical problem .Being researched on this issue is bound to affect its reform ,development and practice .While being found the na‐ture of higher education is constantly change in different times and backgrounds through the investigation of American Higher Education History .Although the long -term coexistence of essentialism and nones‐sential doctrine emerged in higher education research ,it will led the research more open and pluralistic and promote the development of higher education .%高等教育本质问题始终是高等教育学必须深入探究的一个基本理论问题，对这一问题的深刻探讨必然会影响高等教育的改革、发展及实践。通过对美国高等教育发展史的考察，发现在不同历史时期、不同社会背景下，伴随高等教育的定义、研究领域以及接受高等教育的对象不断发生变化，随之而来的是高等教育本质的持续变迁。本质主义者认为高等教育本质既定不变，本质主义与非本质主义长期共存、相互争鸣，但是相辅相成，这反而会推动高等教育研究的开放性及多元化，促使高等教育学科及高等教育的发展更加成熟、完善。