建筑工人不安全行为致因研究

摘要

In order to explore the occurrence mechanism of unsafe behaviors for construction workers, and clarify the relationship structure and hierarchical structure of affecting factors, a 3-layer and 4-order hierarchical structure model on affecting factors of unsafe behaviors for construction workers was established by applying the method of ISM, and the influence grade was divided by AHP method.It showed that the individual factors are surface affect-ing factors, and the social environmental factors are deep affecting factors, among which the factor of state adminis-tration and supervision has the greatest weight.The measures to governance unsafe behaviors of construction work-ers were put forward from three levels, namely nation, enterprise and worker, such as perfecting the safety stand-ardization, establishing safety credit system and rewards and punishment institution, improving the safe card institu-tion, and enforcing safety training institution etc.%运用ISM法建立建筑工人不安全行为影响因素的三层四阶递阶结构模型，探究建筑工人不安全行为的发生机理，明确各影响因素的关系结构和层级结构，并根据AHP法划分了影响等级。结果显示，个体因素为表层影响因素，社会环境因素为深层影响因素，其中国家治理监督因素权重最大。最后，从国家、企业、工人三个层次提出了治理建筑工人不安全行为的措施，如完善安全标准化、构建安全诚信体系和奖惩制度、完善平安卡制度和强制安全培训制度等。