中国煤矿工人心理健康状况的元分析

摘要

In order to investigate the chronological changes in mental health of coal miners in China , combining the tradition-al meta-analysis method with the cross-temporal meta-analysis , and selecting 36 groups of data obtained by the Sympton Checklist 90 ( SCL-90 ) from 2007 to 2014 , the change laws of average scores on 9 factors in SCL-90 for 25546 coal miners were analyzed .The results showed that except the "psychoticism", all the average scores of each factor in SCL-90 for coal miners presented negative correlation with the years from -0.85 to -0.02, among which, the "anxiety"and "hostility"presented highly negative correlation with the years , and the "somatization","interpersonal sensitivity"and "depression"presented obviously negative correlation with the years .In this period, the psychological problems of coal miners reduced gradually , and the mental health level rose steadily .Compared with the adult male norm , the psychological problems of coal miners were more serious in the aspects of "somatization"and "horror".By comparing the average scores of underground coal miners with ground coal miners on SCL-90 , it was found that the mental health level of underground coal miners was ob -viously lower than that of ground coal miners .By analyzing the correlation between the frequency of coal mine accidents and the scores of each factor in SCL-90 , it was found that the greater the frequency of coal mine accidents , the lower the total mental health level of coal miners .It can provide quantitative basis for development of safety management measures and men -tal health promotion plan for coal miners .%为研究我国煤矿工人心理健康状况年代变化趋势，结合传统元分析与横断历史研究方法，选取2007－2014年基于症状自评量表（ SCL－90）所得36组数据，分析25546名煤矿工人在该量表9个因子得分均值的变化规律。结果表明：除“精神病性”外，煤矿工人SCL－90各因子得分均值与年代均呈负相关（－0．85～－0．02），其中“焦虑”、“敌对”与年代呈高度负相关，“躯体化”、“人际关系敏感”、“抑郁”与年代显著负相关；2007－2014年期间，煤矿工人的心理问题逐渐减少，心理健康水平稳步上升；与成人男性常模相比，煤矿工人在“躯体化”、“恐怖”方面的心理问题较突出；比较井下矿工与地面矿工在SCL－90得分均值发现井下矿工的心理健康水平明显低于地面矿工；分析2007－2014年间历年煤矿事故发生次数与煤矿工人SCL－90各因子得分发现，煤矿事故数越大，煤矿工人的总体心理健康水平越低。研究结果为煤矿工人安全管理措施及心理健康提升方案的制定提供量化依据。