油气管道本质安全影响因素分析及启示

摘要

The pipeline transportation is a major way of oil and gas transportation,in order to investigate the influencing factors and weaknesses of intrinsic safety for oil and gas pipeline,three types of influencing factors and seven weaknesses were identified by analyzing the accident causes of oil and gas pipeline in America and Canada.The problem of intrinsic safety in each stage were studied by the statistical analysis on the numbers of accidents and influencing factors in each stage of pipeline engineering.The results showed that the numbers of accidents and influencing factors in the construction stage were far more than those in other stages.The influencing factors in the construction stage and pipe-making stage had more types,and the accident causes were dispersive,so it was hard to promote the intrinsic safety.The influencing factors in the design stage and service stage had less types,and the accident causes were relatively concentrated,so it was comparatively easy to promote the intrinsic safety.There existed the deficiencies of technology and management in each stage.Five enlightenment about the intrinsic safety of pipeline were put forward according to the analysis results of intrinsic safety for oil and gas pipeline.%管道运输是油气运输的主要方式,为了研究油气管道本质安全的影响因素和薄弱环节,通过分析美国和加拿大油气管道的事故原因,识别了3种影响因素和7个薄弱环节;通过统计管道工程各阶段的事故和影响因素的数量,分析了每个阶段存在的本质安全问题.结果表明:施工阶段的事故和影响因素的数量远多于其他阶段;施工和制管阶段的影响因素种类多,事故原因分散,本质安全提升难度较大;设计和运营阶段的影响因素种类少,事故原因相对集中,本质安全提升难度相对不大;各阶段都存在技术和管理的不足.根据油气管道本质安全影响因素分析结果,得出管道本质安全5个方面的启示.