基于DEA模型的中国城市资源环境效率评价

摘要

This paper illustrates the spatial variations in urban resource and environmental efficiency (REE) amongst 285 cities in China using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model, and examines the factors that have had the greatest effect on this spatial pattern by regression models. The results gave an average urban REE of 0.6381, and an average pure technical efifciency (PTE) and scale efifciency (SE) of 0.6964 and 0.9225, respectively. The results support the existence of a U-shaped relationship between REE and income level, which means that an increase in urban GDP does not result in an equivalent increase in environmental efficiency. Economic growth affects REE in three ways: scale effects (population scale and urbanization rate); composition effects; and spatial effects. Improvements in urban resource use and environmental efifciency depend upon both technological innovation and effective governance. Policies designed to achieve these improvements should therefore be implemented at al levels of government and local enterprise.%本研究以全国地级以上城市为实证数据，试图刻画我国城市资源-环境效率的空间差异并分析影响这一空间格局的主要因素。研究中采用数据包络分析法（DEA），对全国285个城市的资源-环境效率进行了评价。结果表明，城市平均资源-环境效率指数为0.6381，该指数的分解结果表明城市的纯技术效率指数为0.6964，低于规模效率指数0.9225。对城市资源-环境效率影响因素的回归分析结果表明，城市资源-环境效率与城市收入水平呈U形关系。经济增长可以通过三个渠道影响城市的资源-环境效率：规模效应（包括人口规模和城市化水平）、经济结构效应以及空间效应。城市资源-环境效率的提高并不是自然发生的，而需依赖于技术创新和有效管治等手段。因此各级政府、企业和组织必须实施一系列应对措施才能确保城市的高效发展。