重点生态功能区水源涵养受益区研究

摘要

生态系统服务以某种物质、能量或信息作为载体,通过特定的方式从供给区到达受益区,满足受益区人类需求.现有的研究更多关注生态系统服务的供给,有关生态系统服务需求及其空间位置的研究还需深入.本研究在分析重点生态功能区水源涵养服务从供给区到受益区空间流动过程基础上,研究水源涵养服务产生的各种惠益,确定了重点生态功能区水源涵养服务的受益区域.研究结果显示:2010年重点生态功能区水源涵养服务为1.67×105 km2 水田和1.01×105 km2 水浇地提供灌溉水源;为2.64×104 km2 城镇建设用地的城市居民和工矿企业分别提供生活用水和工业用水以及为3.73×104km2 农村聚落的农村居民提供生活用水;在下游形成6.64×104 km2 内陆水面可用于淡水养殖;形成通航河道1.31×104 km 用于内河航运.位于长江中上游的重点生态功能区水源涵养受益区更大,影响范围更广,在功能区保护中应该更关注水源涵养功能的维持和改善.部分受益区最多可以受到来自9个重点生态功能区的水源涵养提供的惠益,其受益面积占总受益区面积的17%,受益航道长度占总受益航道长度的7%,在制定生态补偿政策时应同时考虑多个重点生态功能区.本研究结果可以为重点生态功能区的生态系统服务有偿使用和生态补偿提供科学依据.%Ecosystem services are transferred from the service-providing area to the service-benefiting area to satisfy human needs through some substance, energy or information. Most studies focus on the provision of ecosystem services and few focus on the demands on ecosystem services and their spatial distribution. Here, on the basis of the lfow of water conservation services from the providing area to the benefiting area, the benefits produced by water conservation service are investigated and the benefiting areas are identified. The results indicate that in 2010 the water conservation service of key ecological function areas provided irrigation water for 1.67×105km2of paddy ifelds and 1.01×105 km2 irrigated ifelds, domestic water to urban residents and industrial water to factories, mines and enterprises of 2.64×104 km2urban construction land and domestic water to rural residents across 3.73×104 km2of rural settlements and formed 6.64×104 km2 of inland water which can be used for freshwater aquaculture, downstream regions comprise 1.31×104 km of navigable river, which can be used for inland shipping. The benefit areas of the key function areas located in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River are greater and more inlfuential benefit areas. To protect these key function areas, more attention should be paid to the maintenance and improvement of water conservation. Some benefit areas have access to the benefits produced by water conservation of nine key ecological function areas and cover 17% of the overall benefit area and the length of their channels benefited accounts for 7%. Multiple key ecological function areas should be taken into account equaly in the formulation of ecological compensation policies. These research ifndings can serve as a scientiifc basis for the compensated use of and ecological compensation for ecosystem services provided by key ecological function areas.