马克思主义批评视域中的文学事件论

摘要

Work/text,as an axial concept of poetics in the 20th century,has been loaded with enor-mous theoretical burden and meanwhile has become the touchstone of various literary ideas and critical approaches. “Event”has come to be an alternative term that constructs a trialectics of work/text/event since the 2 1 st century.The philosophy of event considers work/text as an event of discursive per-formance,an event of historical culture,and an event of social energy,which highlights the embodi-ment of the subj ects,the historicity of literary action,and the connectivity and the materiality of the event itself.Those scholars under the influence of Marxist theory about aesthetics and history,litera-ture and society,participated and reshaped the conception of event.Such a phenomenon may be regar-ded as a return and reproduction of Marxist literary theory in the new millennium.Literature as event not only“interprets the world”and becomes the foreground of the history and society,but also partic-ipates in the shaping of history and becomes a part of the historical process.Therefore,literature as event “changes the world”in its own way.%作为20世纪诗学的轴心概念，“作品/文本”承载着巨大的理论负荷并成为不同文艺观念和批评方法的试金石。21世纪以来，“事件”作为其替代表述与之构成一种“作品/文本/事件”的“三元辩证”关联。“事件论”视作品/文本为话语行为事件、历史文化事件和社会能量事件，凸显出文学活动主体的具身性、行动过程的历史性以及事件本身的连通性和物质性。受马克思主义有关美学与史学、文艺与社会之间关系思想沾溉的学者参与了文学事件论的塑形过程，显示出马克思主义在当前文论中的回归和衍生。作为事件的文学不仅“解释世界”从而成为社会历史的“前景”，同时也参与历史进程并成为实际历史过程的组成部分，进而以特定方式“改变世界”。