列车车顶绝缘子气流场分布及其对积污的影响

摘要

列车高速运行过程中，车顶绝缘子表面的积污特性受绝缘子周围气流场分布特性的影响较大，建立车顶绝缘子的外部三维流场模型，利用有限元模拟的方法计算列车在不同的运行速度下，车顶绝缘子周围气流场分布的情况以及空气中的污秽颗粒与绝缘子表面的碰撞情况，结合现场调研，结果表明：车顶绝缘子的积污特性主要受到绝缘子背风面气压分布的影响，伞裙背风面的负压值、污秽颗粒碰撞率以及实测的积污量均呈两端大中间小的规律，且随着列车速度的加快，伞裙背风面的负压值及污秽颗粒碰撞率皆呈现增加的趋势。%The air flow field distribution of electric locomotive roof insulator has a great impact on its contamination characteristic at high speed.A 3D flow model of roof insulator was established in this paper,to simulate the situa-tion of air flow field distribution and contamination particles collision with the surface of the insulator at different speeds by finite element simulation.Combined with field research,the results show that the main factor of the con-tamination characteristics is pressure distribution of the insulator on the leeward side.Negative pressure on the lee-ward side of sheds,contamination particle collision rate and the actual amount of the contamination exhibit a law that large in the two terminals but small in the middle.Meanwhile,as the speed increases,the negative pressure value on the leeward side of sheds and contamination particle collision rate present an increasing trend.