荷载分散型锚杆张拉方法探讨与研究

摘要

研究探讨只使用一个千斤顶时,对荷载分散型锚杆进行准确加载的张拉锁定方法.研究结论:荷载分散型锚杆张拉锁定应优先采用多千斤顶同步法.只使用一个千斤顶张拉一遍时,有整拉整锁、整拉单锁、补偿张拉及单拉单锁循环等几种,其中,整拉整锁法及整拉单锁法误差较大,工程应用很少；补偿张拉法对单元锚杆的弹性位移差进行了预补偿,较为合理,工程应用最多；按单元锚杆长度从短到长顺序依次张拉锁定的单拉单锁法能够满足大多数工程的实际需求.但这些方法加荷都不够准确.基于荷载控制的循环单拉单锁法,加荷准确,张拉及锁定荷载损失较小,施工操作较简单,张拉设备较小,适用于各种荷载分散型锚杆及各单元锚杆设计承载力不同的锚杆,是一种值得深入研究和推广的新方法.%Research purposes; The purpose is to study and discuss the tensioning and locking methods that the load could be added accurately for the load - dispersive anchor when only one jack is used.Research conclusions: The more jacks synchronized method should be adopted preferentially when a load - dispersive anchor is tensioning and locking. There are whole pulling whole locking, whole pulling single locking, compensation tensioning, single pulling single locking and loop single pulling single locking methods when only one jack is used and tensioned one time. Among them, the whole pulling whole locking method and the whole pulling single locking method are rarely used because of much error, the compensation tensioning method is relatively reasonable since the elastic displacement difference between unit anchors has compensated and so used more often, single pulling single locking method could meet the actual demand of most engineering when pulling and locking in the order of unit anchors' length from short to long. But all the methods above are not accurate enough to add the load. The loop single pulling single locking method is based the load control, it is a new method that worthy to be lucubrated and popularized since that the load is added accurately, tensioning load loss and locking load loss is small, the work is simple, construction machinery is small, and it is appropriate for all load - dispersive anchor even when they have the different design capacity.