岩溶隧道地质预报的几种主要方法及应用研究

摘要

Research purposes:China is one of the most widely distributed kant area in the world,the distribution of karst formation extents in wide range,in addition to two karst plateaus which locate in Shanxi as the central distribution area in Northern China and in Guizhou as the central distribution area in Southwestern China,there are more broad geographical span regarding karst formation distribution.The latest statistics show that exposed surface carbonate rock area is of about 2.03 million km2.With buried carbonate rocks,a total distribution area is of 3.65 million km2,accounting for more than 1/3 of China's land area.The construction practice of Yichang-Wanzhou railway,Guanjiao tunnel and other famous karst tunnels reveals that construction risk of complicated karst tunnels is very high,and the geological prediction is the leading measure to resolve the construction safety risk of complicated karst tunnels.However,due to different prediction goals,the used methods are obviously different,so study of the appropriate karst geology prediction method and its prediction accuracy is necessary.Research conclusions:(1) Based on practice experience and investigation of comprehensive geological prediction in the Yichang-Wanzhou railway,Guanjiao tunnel and Yunnan-Guizhou railway projects and other complicated karst tunnels,the time consumption and prediction accuracy of several common karst geology prediction methods are analyzed,the adaptability and result accuracy of several common karst geological prediction methods are discussed;(2) The components of different geological prediction systems are proposed according to the risk assessment level;(3) The research results have great reference value for future improvement of karst geology prediction technology and safe construction control of karst tunnels.%研究目的:我国是世界上岩溶分布面积最广的国家之一,岩溶分布纵深横广,除了形成北方以山西为中心、西南以贵州为中心的两片面积瞩目的岩溶高原外,还有着更为广阔的地理环境跨度.最新统计表明,裸露于地表的碳酸盐岩面积约203万km2,加上埋藏型碳酸盐岩,总面积达365万km2,超过我国国土面积的1/3.宜万铁路、关角隧道等项目的岩溶隧道的施工实践揭示,复杂岩溶隧道施工风险极高,而超前地质预报是化解复杂岩溶隧道施工安全风险的龙头措施,但因预报目标不同,所使用的方法明显有异,因而研究岩溶地质预报的适应性方法(手段)及准确度极其必要.研究结论:(1)本文通过对宜万铁路、关角隧道、云贵铁路等多个项目的复杂岩溶隧道综合超前地质预测预报工作进行调研,对岩溶地质预测预报的几种主要方法的耗时及准确度进行了分析,论述了基于岩溶地质预报的几种主要方法的适应性及成果准确度;(2)提出了按风险评估等级的各类地质预报系统的组成要件;(3)该研究成果对今后提升岩溶地质预报技术和岩溶隧道安全施工技术具有借鉴和实用价值.