‘杏叶梨／杜梨’嫁接愈合过程的解剖学与生理学研究

摘要

针对‘杏叶梨（Pyrus armeniacaefolia/杜梨（Pyrus betulifolia）’嫁接组合出现的“小脚”现象，以杜梨自体嫁接（杜梨/杜梨）为对照，进行了愈合过程解剖结构观察及生理变化分析，以探讨梨嫁接亲和性机理。结果表明：杏叶梨的材皮比显著小于杜梨；砧穗嫁接愈合过程解剖学观测可大致分为4个阶段，分别为隔离层形成、愈伤组织形成、砧穗愈伤组织相互接触及分化和新输导组织形成；‘杏叶梨/杜梨’嫁接口愈合速度滞后‘杜梨/杜梨’6d；与‘杜梨/杜梨’自体嫁接对照相比，‘杏叶梨/杜梨’嫁接口处多酚氧化酶（PPO ）与苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PA L ）活性变化幅度较大，除个别观测点（嫁接后18d）外，PPO活性大部分时期高于‘杜梨/杜梨’；木质素含量在两种嫁接组合的愈合后期均表现增加趋势，但‘杜梨/杜梨’增加趋势更明显；‘杜梨/杜梨’可溶性糖含量高峰早于‘杏叶梨/杜梨’；两种嫁接组合可溶性蛋白含量变化趋势相近，但‘杜梨/杜梨’嫁接口可溶性蛋白含量显著高于‘杏叶梨/杜梨’。%On the scion overgrowing phenomenon of ‘P . armeniaeae f olia/P .betulae f olia’ in field ,the P .betuli f olia antilogous grafting was taken as contrast and the mechanism of graft compatibility was dis-cussed by observing the effects of cicatrization on the anatomical structures and analyzing the physiological change of graft union .The results revealed that the ratio of wood and bark of P .armeniaeaefolia was sig-nificant less than P .betulae f olia .Observing the anatomical structures of graft union ,we found that the graft healing process was approximately divided into 4 stages ,which were the insulating layer forming , callus forming ,connecting and differentiating of callus of the scion and stock ,and the conducting tissue forming respectively .On the rate of cicatrization of graft union ,‘P .armeniaeaefolia/P .betulaefolia’ was slower 6 days than‘P .betulae f olia/P .betulae f olia’;Compared with‘P .betulae f olia/P .betulae-folia’ ,the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity of graft union of‘P .armeniaeae f olia/P .betulae f olia’ changed obviously .In addition to the individual observation point (grafted 18 days) ,the PPO activity of ‘P .armeniaeaefolia/P .betulaefolia’was relatively higher than‘P .betulaefolia/P .betulaefolia’ in the most healing process .The lignin in the two grafting combination presented the tendency that rose at the later stage of grafting healing ,but ,the increasing tendency in ‘P . betulaefolia/P .betulaefolia’ combination was more obvious .The max value of soluble sugar content in‘P .betulae f olia/P .betulae f olia’ combination appeared earlier than ‘P .armeniaeae f olia/P .betulae f o-lia’ .The change trend of soluble protein in two combinations was basically the same ,but ,the soluble protein content of ‘P .betulaefolia/P .betulaefolia’was obviously higher than ‘P .armeniaeaefolia/P . betulae f olia’ .