当代美国小说中的自然

摘要

This essay, by applying ecocriticism and ecofeminism theories, provides an overview of the thematic representation of nature in contemporary American novels. The examples are chosen from several genres and include works by minority writers. Combining attention to its historical development since the 1960s and 1970s with key theoretical conflicts among its practitioners, it sets up the significance of this field for the study of contemporary American novels. In particular, it considers the ways that ecocriticism brings additional fields of science into the humanities and the way that it extends the inclusion of history, polities, psychology, and material culture from new Historicism and cuhural studies. The essay, through the analysis of the above-mentioned works, also provides some historical background on earlier American novels and the development of nature writing.%本文运用生态批评与生态女性主义理论,对当代美国小说中关于自然的主题描写进行了概述,对此作者列举了不同文类、包括少数族裔的作品加以说明。论文综述了20世纪六七十年代以来生态批评的发展史以及生态批评内部的理论冲突,特别考察了生态批评如何把自然科学与人文学科结合起来,以及如何拓展了历史、政治、心理学以及源自新历史主义和文化研究的物质文化内涵。论文还通过对所述作品的分析,为早期美国小说及自然书写的发展提供了相关的历史背景知识。