重审三权分立的权力制衡价值--从理论解构到实践考证

摘要

It is the essential value held by decentralization theory that three -power separation system can realize the balance of power .As to whether three-power separation system can realize the balance , we can ana-lyze it from theory to history .Theoretically speaking , the boundary of three-power separation is made certain by the Constitution , so three-power separation needs to be an explicit article of the Constitution .But the constitution text is ambiguous , which makes it become a difficult problem .In addition , according to the logic of decentraliza-tion theory , three-power separation is likely to result in the emergence of autarchy , which is the contradicting view of decentralization theory .In addition , the balance of three-power separation can't come true in expectation of decentralization theory in the historical practice .%三权分立能实现权力制衡是分权理论标榜的基本价值。对于三权分立能否实现制衡，可以从理论到历史去分析。从理论上讲，由于三权分立的边界是由宪法划分的，三权划分需要明确的宪法条文标准，而宪法文本的不确定性使之成为难题，按照分权理论的逻辑，分权也可能导致专制的出现，这是三权分立理论的悖论，另外，在历史的实践当中，也没有出现过分权理论所期望的三权制衡，三权分立和议行合一都是权力配置的手段，仅是国家权力的组织形式，关键是看那种形式更能实现社会各种利益的平衡。