稻草不同还田方式对双季水稻产量及稻米品质的影响

摘要

通过2年田间定位试验,设置施肥区稻草还田(NPK+S)、稻草烧灰还田(NPK+ SI)和稻草不还田(NPK)以及相对应的不施肥区对照共6个处理,研究了不同稻草还田方式对双季水稻产量及稻米品质的影响.结果表明,在施用等量氮、磷、钾养分条件下,NPK +S处理具有提高早稻分蘖数及成穗率、中后期叶面积指数及地上部干物质量,增加叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值),增加水稻单位面积有效穗数的显著作用,但对晚稻的作用不明显；早稻NPK +S处理的产量较其他两个处理两年平均增幅为3.78％～8.77％,晚稻随着稻草还田次数的增加,NPK +S与NPK+SI处理的产量趋于接近,但较NPK处理增产5.66％～7.32％.不施肥条件下,稻草还田(CK+S)处理对早、晚稻生长发育的影响明显大于稻草烧灰还田(CK +SI)和稻草不还田(CK),且其早、晚稻产量也极显著高于后两个处理.研究还发现,稻草还田能提高早、晚稻的稻米食味品质,但降低其外观品质和营养品质以及晚稻稻米的加工品质.以上结果说明,进行稻草全量还田对持续提高双季水稻产量具有重要意义.%The localization field experiments were conducted to study on yields and quality characteristics of rice in different straw incorporation ways at double cropping rice seasons of 2010-2011.There were six treatments,total rice straw incorporation and chemical fertilizers(NPK + S),rice straw incineration and chemical fertilizers (NPK + SI),rice straw no-incorporation with only chemical fertilizers (NPK) and the others three compared treatments with no chemical fertilizers.The results show that NPK + S could increase the number of early rice's tillers,the form rate of tillers,leaf area index at the middle and late growing seasons and aboveground dry matter,promote chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and the number of effective panicles in unit area,and delay the senescence trend under the conditions of equal nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient.However the effects are not obvious for late rice.Compared with the NPK and NPK + SI treatments,NPK + S could enhance significantly the grain yield of early rice,and the average yield of the two years are increased by 3.78％-8.77％.As the time of rice straw incorporation prolonged,late rice yields under the NPK + S and NPK + SI treatments are not significantly different,and the yield are increased significantly by 5.66％-7.32％ compared with the NPK treatment.However,the effects of CK + S on early and late rice's growth and yields are obviously greater than those of CK + SI and CK in the plots of no chemical fertilizers.Moreover,NPK + S could improve flavor quality of early and late rice,but lower the external and nutrition quality,which are not benefited for improving the processed quality of late rice.Ultimately,it suggests that there is significance for promoting rice yields in the double cropping rice.