关于2种典型风场对弹箭运动轨迹影响的三维数值分析

摘要

To study the influences of wind field on ballistic trajectory, the bomb dynamic equations and the motion equations in atmospheric wind field were established based on the principles of flight dynamics and outside ballistic meteorology.According to the numerical simulation of uniform and Ekman wind, some general laws of the influences on trajectory were proved.These results provide reference to the bomb control system design with wind correct as well as assimilation of meteorology information.The influences of air movement on the flight path of rockets are great, and small changes of wind can make significant response in the trajectory.In the uniform wind, the rocket's flight trajectory is a parabola in the two-dimensional vertical plane.Compared to the situation of no wind, the flight speed, the altitude and the angle of elevation and other parameters are changed, while the flight azimuth is constant.In the non-uniform Ekman wind, the changes of the flight speed, the altitude and the angle of elevation are basically similar to those in the uniform wind field, while the azimuth produces dramatic changes, and the variation depends on the non-uniform wind field model.The rocket trajectory is no longer a parabola, but rather a differentside irregular curve.%为了深入探讨风场对弹箭运动轨迹的影响规律,从飞行动力学以及外弹道气象学的基本原理出发,建立了弹箭在风场中运动的三维动力学方程和运动学方程;通过2种典型的风场--均匀定常风场和非均匀埃克曼风场的全弹道三维数值模拟,分析了大气风场对弹箭弹道影响的一般规律,从而为进行风修正弹箭控制系统设计以及气象信息的融合应用提供技术支持和理论参考依据.结果表明:大气运动对无控火箭弹的飞行轨迹影响较剧烈,风的微小变化都可能使弹道产生明显响应;在均匀风场中,火箭弹的飞行轨迹是一个在二维垂直平面内的抛物线;与无风的情况相比,飞行速度、高度以及仰角等参数均发生不同程度的变化,而飞行方位角则恒定不变;在非均匀埃克曼风场中,飞行参量均发生变化,飞行速度、高度以及仰角的变化规律基本上与均匀风场相似,而方位角则产生了剧烈变化,变化规律取决于具体的非均匀风场模型;火箭弹的弹道不再是二维垂直平面内的抛物线,而是一条异面的不规则曲线.