目的:利用Dextroscope虚拟现实系统进行上颌动脉下颌段的三维解剖研究,与实际解剖进行对照,探索虚拟现实技术的应用优势,并且为减少上颌动脉下颌段的术中损伤提供解剖依据.方法:研究分为尸体组和Dextroscope虚拟现实系统组(VR组),各15例.尸体组完成上颌动脉的实体解剖,进行相关解剖结构的测量；VR组在尸头灌注完成后,采集CT及MRI影像数据,将数据导入Dextroscope虚拟现实系统进行三维重建融合建立上颌动脉及相关结构三维图像进行观察,并对上颌动脉相关结构进行立体显示、切割、解剖和相关数据测量.结果:上颌动脉到下颌升支后缘内侧皮质的最短距离、上颌动脉到乙状切迹下缘的最短距离、上颌动脉到髁突最上缘的最短距离、上颌动脉到关节结节最低点的最短距离、上颌动脉起始部到髁突最上缘的距离、上颌动脉起始部的口径在尸体组分别为:(6.12±0.78) mm、(5.29 ±0.69) mm、(20.68 ±0.95) mm、(4.60±0.60) mm、(22.48 ±1.18) mm、(3.74±0.57) mm；VR组上述数据分别为:(6.22 ±0.63) mm、(5.40±0.51) mm、(20.80±0.88) mm、(4.55±0.56) mm、(22.70±1.11)mm、(3.69 ±0.60) mm.结论:虚拟解剖组所测得的相关数据与尸体组测得的实体数据相一致,虚拟现实技术实现上颌动脉下颌段的三维解剖具有可靠性及一定的优越性.%Objective: To evaluate the application of virtual reality technology in anatomical study of the mandible part of the maxillary artery and to provide anatomical basis in case of intraoperative damage. Methods; The experiment was divided into two groups, virtual group and corpus group, 15 cases in each group. In virtual group, images data of cadaver heads were loaded into Dextroscope workstation and dissecting of mandible part of the maxillary artery was simulated. In corpus group, actual dissecting on the cadaver heads was examined under microscope correspondingly. Results; The distance from the maxillary artery to posterior margin of the ramus, to sigmoid notch, to apex of condyle, to the apex of the articular eminence, and the distance from the starting point of the maxillary artery to apex of condyle and the diameter of the starting point of the maxillary artery were (6. 12 ±0. 78) mm, ( 5. 29 ± 0. 69 ) mm, (20.68 ±0.95)mm, (4.60 ±0.60)mm, (22.48 ± 1. 18)mm, (3.74 ±0.57)mm in corpus group and (6.22±0.63)mm, (5.40 ±0. 51)mm, (20. 80 ±0. 88)mm, (4. 55 ±0. 56)mm, (22.70 ±1.11) mm, (3.69 ±0.60) mm in virtual group. Conclusion: The data measured in virtual group was highly coincided with the data in corpus group verified by statistics. Virtual anatomy of the mandible part of the maxillary artery by virtual reality technology is reliable.
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