不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术后急性肾损伤的影响因素探讨及3年随访结果

摘要

目的:探讨急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)在不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植(coronary artery bypassgrafting,CABG)术后的发生率、相关危险因素以及比较AKI对围手术期并发症和术后3年的主要心脑血管不良事件(major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events,MACCE)的影响.方法:选择2010年1月至2012年3月连续行择期不停跳CABG的299例患者为研究对象,以是否发生AKI把患者分为AKI组和对照组,比较两组间围手术期临床资料的差异,使用Logistic后退法回归分析寻找AKI的危险因素;比较两组间术后并发症的差异,随访3年观察AKI对MACCE的影响.结果:术后37.1％ (111/299)患者发生AKI,Logistic后退法多因素回归分析显示术前血肌酐升高(Wald=9.276,P=0.002,95％ CI1.006 ～1.028)、合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pul-monary disease,COPD,Wald=3.469,P=0.063,95％ CI0.950～7.630)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejectionfraction,LVEF)降低(Wald=4.414,P=0.036,95％ CI0.965 ～0.999)、术前或术中植入主动脉内球囊反搏(intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP,Wald=6.745,P=0.009,95％ CI1.336 ～7.925)是术后AKI的危险因素.AKI组患者术后并发症较多,如使用呼吸机时间、监护室停留时间、二次气管插管、肺部感染、脑卒中、消化道出血、术后住院时间、异体输血量(血浆和红细胞)和透析替代治疗均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).围术期两组间死亡率差异没有统计学意义,但是2例死亡患者均在AKI组.随访3年两组间MACCE差异没有统计学意义.结论:不停跳CABG术后AKI有较高的发生率(37.1％),术前血肌酐升高、合并COPD、LVEF降低、术前或术中植入IABP是术后AKI的独立的危险因素,AKI组围手术期并发症较多,随访3年两组间MACCE差异没有统计学意义.%Objective:To investigate the incidence rate and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG),and to compare the effects of AKI on complications after operation and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) after 3 years' follow-up.Methods:In the study,299 consecutive patients who underwent scheduled off-pump CABG from January 2010 to March 2012 were included.The patients were divided into AKI group with AKI and control group without AKI after operation.The data during perioperative stage were compared,and multivariable Logistic regression modeling was used to identify the risk factors of AKI.The complications were compared after surgery and the patients were followed up for 3 years to observe the difference of MACCE between the two groups.Results:AKI occurred in 37.1％ patients (111/299).The elevated serum creatinine levels (Wald =9.276,P =0.002,95 ％ CI 1.006-1.028),chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) (Wald =3.469,P =0.063,95％ CI 0.950-7.630),decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (Wald =4.414,P =0.036,95 ％ CI 0.965-0.999),and implantation of intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) before or after operation(Wald =6.745,P =0.009,95％ CI 1.336-7.925)were risk factors of AKI in multivariable logistic regression modeling.More complications occurred in AKI group,such as the duration of mechanic ventilation,the time of ICU and the length of stay post operation,reintubation,pulmonary infection,stroke,hemorrhage of digestive tract,the volume of blood transfusion (plasma and red blood cell) and renal replacement therapy(P ＜ 0.05).The difference of mortality rate had no statistical significance between the AKI group and the control group,but two patients died in the AKI group.The difference of MACCE between the two groups had no statistical significance after 3 years' follow-up either.Conclusion:The incidence of AKI was high (37.1％) after off-pump CABG.The elevated serum creatinine levels,COPD,decreased LVEF,and implantation IABP before or after operation were independent risk factors of AKI in multivariable Logistic regression modeling.More complications occurred in AKI group during perioperative period,but the difference of MACCE between the two groups after 3 years' follow-up had no statistical significance.