从“精卫填海”与“黄帝擒蚩尤”看上古部落的冲突与融合

摘要

The myth Jingwei trying to fill up the sea reflects the history of conflict between Chinese emperor Yandi and Chiyou of Dongyi ethnic group .Yandi's tour to the east (Chiyou's territory ) together with godess Nüwa caused the tragedy that Nüwa was murdered by Chiyou .The Yan tribe fabricated the story that the mythical bird Jingwei sought revenge on the East Sea by trying to fill it up with pebbles . Nüwa's murder promoted the integration of Yan and Huang tribes ,which triggered the war that Huangdi captured Chiyou .Nüba tribe ,which belonged to Liangzhu culture living in south Miaoman group ,played an important role in the victory of this war .But this war didn't bring any benefits for Nüba tribe .The tribe couldn't return their homeland and was forced to move to the north China .That is the reason why Liang‐zhu culture all of a sudden changed from prosperity to decline .%“精卫填海”神话反映了炎帝神农氏与东夷蚩尤氏冲突的历史，炎帝携女娃东巡蚩尤族领地导致了女娃被害的惨剧，炎帝借用鸟图腾和人死化生的观念，虚构了精卫鸟衔西山之木石以复仇东海的故事。女娃被害促进了炎黄部落的联合，引发“黄帝擒蚩尤”的战争，而决定炎黄部落与蚩尤部落战争的胜败，乃在于南方苗蛮集团中的一支———处于良渚文化圈的女魃部落加入战斗，但战争并没有给女魃部落带来利益，导致了其不能回故土又被迫北迁的结局，这也解释了良渚文化突然由盛转衰的原因。