艾滋病首次接受抗病毒治疗患者自我护理能力及影响因素分析

摘要

目的：调查研究艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者的自我护理能力现状，并分析其影响因素。方法采用Kearney等研制的自我护理能力测量量表、张作记设计的家庭关怀度量表及简易应对方式问卷等，对首次接受抗病毒治疗的246例艾滋病患者进行调查，使用SPSS 11.5对收集的资料进行统计学分析。结果艾滋病患者自我护理能力总体得分较低（99.65±15.52）分，其中90.7%患者的自我护理能力中低等水平；患者的年龄、文化程度、疾病症状影响其自我护理能力水平（P＜0.01)；患者的家庭关怀度总得分（5.05±0.86）分，处于家庭功能中度障碍状态，患者的家庭关怀度与其自我护理能力成正相关性；患者的简易应对方式中的积极应对方式总得分低于消极应对方式总得分，多数患者采取消极应对方式；患者的积极应对方式与其自我护理能力水平呈正相关，而患者的消极应对方式则与之呈负相关。结论艾滋病抗病毒治疗患者自我护理能力普遍处于中低等水平，亟待提高，在构建和实施护理措施时，应关注年老、文化程度较低、疾病症状明显等特殊群体患者。同时，有效提高患者的家庭关怀度，重视患者的心理评估和疏导，改善其消极心理因素，采取积极应对方式，从而提高其自我护理能力水平。%Objective To investigate the status quo of self-care agency of AIDS patients undergoing anti-virus treatment and its influencing factors. Methods Totally 246 AIDS patients undergoing anti-virus treatment for the first time were investigated with Exercise of Self-care-agency Scale (ESCA), Index of Family Care developed by Zhang Zuoji and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and the results were analyzed by SPSS 11.5. Results The total score of self-care agency of AIDS patients was 99.65± 15.52. Of the total, 90.7% of the patients were with a low or below level of self-care agency and age, educational background, and patients’ condition exerted influence on their self-care agency (P<0.01). The total score of family care of the patients was 5.05±0.86, which indicated a moderate level of family function disorder and there was positive relationship between family care and self-care agency. The total score of positive coping style was lower that that of negative coping style, which revealed that most patients took negative coping style. There was positive relationship between positive coping style and self-care agency while negative relationship between negative coping style and self-care agency. Conclusion In general, the self-care agency of AIDS patients undergoing anti-virus treatment is in moderate or below level. Nursing emphasis should go to those aged, those with less education and those with serious manifestation of the disease. Meanwhile, the improvement of family care, psychological evaluation and counseling and positive coping style will contribute to the enhancement of patients’ self-care agency.