扑翼的推力特性与功率特性的实验研究

摘要

Aiming at the characteristics of flapping⁃wing MAV ( FMAV) wind tunnel experiment which has more variables to be controlled and measured in a dynamic testing environment, a flapping machine is designed for the experiment especially. Beyond the accurate control of flapping amplitude and flapping frequency, the flapping ma⁃chine also integrates the measurements of instantaneous flapping angle and input power. With the flapping machine, a set of control and measure system to FMAV wind tunnel experiment was built, which realizes the measurement functions of aerodynamic forces flapping angle and input power etc. Based on the system, an experiment about the research of thrust and power characteristics of FMAV is carried on, in which the thrust and power characteristics at different flapping frequencies and different flapping amplitudes are mainly focused on. Within the scope of this stud⁃y, the experiment result shows increasing flapping frequency and flapping amplitude has a good advantage to thrust generating, but that comes at the price of a higher power consumption;as St increasing, the thrust and power grow as a J⁃shaped curve, which means the higher the St is, the faster the thrust and power increase.%针对扑翼实验动态特性强、测控变量多的特点，设计了一种实验专用的扑动机构，在实现对扑动频率和扑动幅度精确调控的同时，集成了对瞬时扑动角度和输入功率的测量功能，建立了一套适用于扑翼风洞实验的测控系统，能够实现对动态气动力、扑动角度、扑动翼输入功率等量的实时同步测量；在此基础上针对扑翼的推力特性和功率特性进行了风洞实验研究，着重分析了在不同扑动频率和不同扑动幅度情况下扑翼的推力与功率特性；实验结果表明，在研究的范畴内，扑动频率和扑动幅度的增大都有利于推力的产生，但都会增大对应的功耗；推力和功耗都随St的增大呈“J”型曲线增长，当St小于0．25时，推力和功耗的增长趋势较缓，随着St的增大，尤其当St大于0．3时，推力和功耗将大幅增大。