21世纪以来，社会资本在反贫困治理中被各界人士寄予厚望。但它到底会扩大还是缩小收入不平等，仍无共识。运用分位数回归发现：家庭社会资本和社区社会资本对我国西部农村地区不平等的影响截然相反。前者对于特困家庭的作用更小，是扩大收入不平等程度的因素。而社区社会资本特别有利于低收入家庭，它的提高会显著降低农村的不平等程度。因此，培育农民自发组织、发展正规专业的社团组织等社会性力量，对缓解贫困、缩小收入差距、维护社会稳定等有重大现实意义。%Most people have paid close attention to the effect of social capital on the governance tactics to anti-poverty since the beginning of the tw enty-first century .But it is still a puzzle w hether social capital could enlarge or reduce income inequality in our society .Based on quantile regression ,this paper finds that family and communi-ty social capital are both important factors to determine income .But they are poles apart to income inequality in Western rural areas of China .Income inequality will increase ,while family social capital is enhanced .Inequality , however ,will depress if community social capital is advanced .This paper consists that supporting social forces , such as self-organizations and mass organizations ,could relieve poverty ,reduce income inequality in rural China . Social capital is a powerful factor to maintain social harmony and stability .
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