哈贝马斯对'生活世界'话语的哲学重构

摘要

哈贝马斯对具有家族相似性的"生活世界"话语进行了哲学重构,将其视为一个有意义、自主以及道德选择的世界.较之于胡塞尔,哈贝马斯彰显了生活世界的语用学与主体间性维度,且将胡塞尔生活世界的先在性、非课题性特质改置为交往行为的运行视域.较之于许茨,哈贝马斯更为注重认知与行为之间的关联,拓展了生活世界理论所端赖的社会语境.在生活世界的结构问题上,哈贝马斯对之进行了系统性重构,基于文化、社会、个性互涉的意义语境,将生活世界与交往行为相关涉,进而使之成为兼具描述功能与批判意义的哲学概念.面对生活世界殖民化的症候,哈贝马斯重塑以理解为取向的语言交往机制,旨在抗撷非语言的控制媒介,重建合理化的生活世界.%Habermas made a philosophical reconstruction of the discourse of"lifeworld"which has the feature of family resemblance,and he regarded it as a meaningful,subjective world with moral choices. Compared with Husserl,Habermas demonstrated the pragmatics and intersubjective dimension of"lifeworld",and changed features of Husserlian lifeword,pre-existence and not the question into discussion,into operating horizon of communicative action. Compared with Schutz,Habermas paid more attention to the relevance be-tween recognition and action,and expanded social context of theory of lifeworld. Habermas made a systemati-cal reconstruction of the structure of lifeworld,and correlated lifeworld and communicative action based on the meaningful context of culture,society and personal interaction,and then made it into a philosophical concept which has description function and critical significance. Responding to the problem of the colonization of life-world,Habermas remodeled a comprehension-oriented mechanism of language intercourse which aims to an-tagonize the control agent of non-language and rebuild a reasonable lifeworld.