8种野生葱属植物的叶形态特征及其分类学意义研究

摘要

[目的]比较8种野生葱属植物的叶形态特征,为其分类学研究和生态适应性机制分析提供依据.[方法]以分布于新疆不同生境的8种野生葱属植物齿丝山韭、实葶葱、新疆蒜、健蒜、多籽蒜、奇台蒜、喀纳斯蒜和乌鲁木齐蒜为研究对象,采用田间观测和树胶制片法,测定其叶片数量、长度、宽度等指标,观察其解剖结构异同;通过相关性分析和聚类分析,研究叶片表皮性状之间的关系以及性状的分类学意义.[结果]8种葱属植物的叶形态和微形态存在差异,实葶葱和齿丝山韭叶直立,其余呈不同程度倒伏;实葶葱叶圆柱形,其余叶均为条形;实葶葱叶表面被蜡粉,其余均为光滑;实葶葱叶表皮细胞矩形,其余均为菱形;实葶葱垂周壁直线型,其余均为弧线形.8种植物叶片均为双面气孔型,气孔椭圆形,保卫细胞肾形,无副卫细胞,保卫细胞不同程度下陷.基于叶表皮结构性状的聚类分析结果显示,供试8种材料分为3类,齿丝山韭和实葶葱分别聚为一类,其余6种聚为一类.[结论]叶形态、表皮细胞形状、垂周壁形状、表皮细胞密度和气孔指数大小可为种的界定提供重要的形态分类学依据,具有分类学意义.叶片上表皮细胞比下表皮细胞可以提供更为全面的微形态特征.新疆8种野生葱属植物的叶片形态和微形态结构均呈现一定的抗旱和抗寒特征.%[Objective] The leaf morphological characters of eight Allium species were compared to provide basis for their taxonomic studies and mechanism of ecological adaptation.[Method] Eight Allium species including Allium nutans,Allium galanthum,Allium roborowskianum,Allium robustum,Alliumfetisowii,Allium spp.(Qitai),Allium spp.(Kanasi) and Allium spp.(Urumqi) distributed in different habitats in Xinjiang were studied through field observation and gum sectioning method.The leaf number,length,width and other indicators were determined to observe the anatomical similarities and differences.Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were also conducted to understand the relationship between leaf epidermis characters and the taxonomic significance of characters.[Result] There were differences in leaf morphology and micro morphology of the eight Allium species.Allium galanthum and Allium nutans leaves erected,while the rest were in lodging at different degrees.Leaves of Allium galanthum were cylindrical,while other leaves were strip.The leaf surface of Allium galanthum had wax powder,while the rest species had smooth leaf surface.Leaf epidermal cells of Allium galanthum were rectangular,while the rest were diamond.Allium galanthum had straight anticlinal wall type,while the rest had curved type.Leaves of all eight Allium specie were amphistomatic,and the stomata were oval with kidney shaped guard cells and without subsidiary cells.The stomata had subsidence at different degrees.Based on the clustering analysis of leaf epidermis structure characters,the eight materials were clustered into three categories.Allium nutans and Allium galanthum were in two different categories,and the other six species were clustered into one category.[Conclusion] The leaf morphology,shape of epidermal cells,shape of anticlinal wall,density of epidermal cells and size of stomatal index provided important morphological and taxonomic basis and had taxonomic significance.The epidermal cells of leaves provided more comprehensive micro morphological characteristics than the lower epidermis cells.The leaf morphology and micro morphology of eight Allium species in Xinjiang showed some drought and cold resistant characteristics.