元代“色目人”与二等人制

摘要

蒙元文献中的“色目人”一词虽然是汉语，但在用于族群划分时是相应的蒙古语词汇“合里（qari ）”或“合里·亦儿坚（qari irgen）”的译语。因此，“色目人”一词所涵盖的对象在蒙古语世界与汉语世界并不完全一致，其边界是动态的，有一定的模糊性。蒙元政权的多民族政策，从根本上讲，是蒙古至上主义，即蒙古（国人）与非蒙古（“合里”）的二等人制，四等人制是细化的说法，汉文化意识在其中起了一定的作用。%The Semu people in the literature of the Yuan Dynasty is Chinese language , but for the caste division it is the translation of “qari” or “qari-irgen” .The connotations of the Semu people in Chinese and Mogolian are different , and its distinctions are dynamic with vagueness . The multi-nation policy in the Yuan Dynasty essentially regards Mongolian as the first caste , that is the two-caste system of Mongolian and Non-Mongolian ,and the four-caste system is the detailed one ,in which Chinese culture plays the significant role .