祁连山东段3种中草药根际与非根际土壤化学性质与酶活性研究

摘要

以祁连山东段不同生境下3种中草药金露梅、银露梅和玉竹的根际与非根际土壤为对象,对其根际与非根际土壤化学性质及酶(脲酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶、中性磷酸酶)活性作了研究.结果表明:除土壤全钾和过氧化氢酶外,其他养分和土壤酶在金露梅和银露梅处均表现出根际聚集现象,而在玉竹根际呈现出与此相反的趋势.在3种植物根际,土壤有机质与脲酶和转化酶均呈极显著负相关；除脲酶外,土壤全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷与其他3种酶都呈极显著正相关；除转化酶外,土壤pH与其他3种酶都负相关,且与过氧化氢酶和中性磷酸酶均呈显著负相关；土壤阳离子交换量CEC与4种酶都呈负相关,且与脲酶和转化酶均呈极显著负相关；在3种植物非根际,土壤有机质与转化酶和中性磷酸酶均呈极显著正相关；土壤全氮、全磷、速效钾、CEC与四种土壤酶都呈极显著正相关；土壤pH与脲酶呈显著正相关,与其他三种酶都呈极显著正相关.银露梅和金露梅根际土壤肥力水平综合得分均高于非根际土壤,而玉竹则相反.3种植物根际与非根际土壤肥力水平综合得分表现为玉竹＞银露梅＞金露梅.%Chemical properties and enzyme activities of the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils collected from 3 traditional Chinese herbal drugs in different habitats on the east section of Qilian Mountain were investigated, including Potentilla fruticosa , Potentilla glabra , and Polygonatum odoratum. The results showed that except for soil total potassium and catalase,other nutrients and soil enzymes presented aggregation trends in the rhizosphere of P. fruticosa and P. glabra, while an opposite trends were observed in the rhizosphere of P. odoratum. Correlation analysis showed that in the rhizosphere of three plants,soil organic matter exhibited a significantly negative correlation with urease and invertase. Soil total nitrogen, a-vailable nitrogen,total phosphorus and available phosphorus demonstrated a significantly positive correlation with other three enzymes except for urease. Soil pH was correlated with other three enzymes except for invertase,and it presented a significantly negative correlation with catalase and neutral phosphatase. Soil CEC was significantly and negatively correlated with 4 enzymes,and presented a significantly negative correlation with urease and invertase. In the non-rhizosphere of three plants,soil organic matter exhibited a very significantly positive correlation with catalase and neutral phosphatase. Soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus, available potassium and CEC showed a significantly positive correlation with four enzymes. Soil pH was significantly correlated with urease, and showed a very significantly positive correlation with other three enzymes. Overall,soil fertility comprehensive scores in the rhizosphere of P. fruticosa and P. glabra were higher than those in the non-rhizosphere, while it performed opposite in P. odoratum. Soil fertility comprehensive scores in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere of three plants were in the order of P. odora-tum＞P. glabra＞P. fruticosa.