大学生英语阅读困难的实证研究基于心理语言学视角

摘要

心理语言学中的图式理论和元认知理论与阅读理解具有密不可分的关系。阅读理解能否成功，除了读者头脑中需具备与阅读材料内容相关的语言图式、内容图式、形式图式与文化图式之外，还依赖于读者能否运用各种阅读策略将阅读材料内容与头脑中的图式结合起来，加深对阅读材料的理解。通过四个对比实验证明，缺乏适当的图式和元认知阅读策略是造成大学生英语阅读困难的主要原因，心理图式和元认知策略能力在大学生英语阅读理解中起到了积极作用。在阅读教学过程中，教师应积极帮助学生构建心理图式和提高元认知阅读策略意识。%Schema theory and metacognition theory of psycholinguistics have close relationship with reading comprehension.The success of reading comprehension depends not only on whether readers have language schemata,content schemata, formal schemata and cultural schemata related to reading materials,but also on whether readers could apply various reading strategies to manage and adjust these schemata to enhance their reading comprehension. Through four empirical experiments, it has been verified that lack of appropriate schemata and metacognitive reading strategies is the main cause of college students’ reading difficulty,and the positive effect of schemata and metacognitive reading strategies on college students’reading comprehension has been proven as well.Therefore,in language teaching, instructors should actively help students construct various schemata and enhance their awareness of metacognition reading strategies.