简论词类的确定性——汉语中名词、形容词的动词性用法

摘要

The paper approaches the issue of parts of speech of Chinese from the perspective of both concrete and abstract levels,insis- ting that not all N-V and ADJ-V expressions are conversions--the omitting of copula exists and the so-called converted verbs from nouns and adjectives can be reverted. Besides, we cannot ascertain a word＇ s parts of speech by its habitual usage or statistic probability--one word in different positions or contexts has different properties ;thus we should ＇not confuse one word （abstract symbol） with its realiza- tions （ concrete word forms, tokens of the former） of different positions. They are isomorphic but heterogeneous. Therefore, parts of speech remain definite and the boundary between them is clear-cut. The law of identity should be stricdy observed in the classification of parts of speech--the denotation and connotation of a word should be not bhttred.%从具体和抽象两个层面对汉语词类问题进行分析，认为汉语中并非所有的形容词、名词的动词性用法都属于词性转换，系词省略是独立存在着的，所谓的名词、形容词做动词均可还原。此外，不能用惯用法和概率统计来确定词性一一不同位置、情景中的词本身具有不同的属性，不应简单将单个独立存在的词（抽象的符号）和该词在不同位置的各个实现形式（具体的词符，为前者的不同表征）混为一谈，二者实为同构异质。因此，词类是确定的，明晰的。词类的辨别应严格遵守逻辑上的同一律，避免将其内涵与外延混淆。