“测估AA”构式的结构类型与句法功能：历时与认知视野

摘要

The article makes a diachronic and cognitive investigation of Chinese“NP + AA” constructions in terms of the structural types and syntactic functions. It comes to the following findings: firstly, the construction first appeared in Yuan Dynasty, well developed in Ming and Qing Dynasty, and ripened in Republic of China periods (1912-1949). Secondly, the construction falls into 12 structural types and follows the diachronic hierarchy of syntactic functions: predicates/ modifiers> objects/ object compliments. Thirdly, the structural types, syntactic functions and their development are generally determined by the main trend of popularization of Chinese, the universal principle of syntactic extension and the hierarchy of conceptualization.%基于语料库数据，历时动态研究汉语“测估 AA”构式的结构类型与句法功能，并加以认知功能阐释，以期弥补当前研究之空缺。研究发现：（1）“测估AA”是近代汉语发展的产物，始现于元代，发展于明清，成熟于民国；（2）近代汉语“测估AA”具有12个结构类型，且构成等级阶，其4个句法功能遵循“谓语/定语>宾语/补语”发展轨迹；（3）其结构类型、句法功能及发展轨迹是汉语通俗化趋势、句法拓展普遍原则与概念范畴化等级协同的产物。