农村土地产权制度改革是深化农村改革的核心内容和重中之重, 对促进农业生产发展、加快新型城镇化建设步伐、促进乡村全面振兴、维护农民土地权益等具有重要意义.1949年以来我国农村土地产权制度主要历经土地改革、农业合作社和人民公社、家庭联产承包责任制三个时期的历史演变.现行农村土地产权制度的现实困境主要表现为农村土地所有权主体"虚置", 农民土地使用权不稳、收益权受限和处置权"残缺".学界对农村土地产权制度改革的主要方案包括土地私有化、土地国有化和完善土地集体所有制.农村土地产权制度改革的长期政策选择是赋予农民"永佃权", 短期政策选择是在坚持农村土地集体所有制的框架内, 通过各项政策的调整完善, 不断强化农民土地产权.%The reform of rural land is the core of the deepened rural reform and vitally important.It is of great significance to the promotion of agricultural production, speeding up the construction of new towns, overall prosperity of the countryside, and safeguarding the peasants' rights and interest of their land.Since 1949, the property right systems have undergone three periods:land reform, agricultural cooperatives and people's commune, and the household contract responsibility system.The practical dilemma in the current rural property right is mainly shown in the subjects' "virtual setting"of rural land ownership, unstable land use right, limited usufruct and incomplete disposition right.The major programs of land reforms in the academic circle mainly include private ownership, national ownership and perfection of collective ownership system.The long-term choice of the rural land property reform is to endow peasants with"emphyteusis".And the short one is to constantly strengthen the peasants' land property right in the framework of sticking to the collective ownership of the rural land.
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