《万花小曲》和《丝弦小曲》是目前所见清代最早的两种小曲集，收录对象在沿袭和改编明代小曲的基础上又有新变。《西调》和《边关调》首见于清初。《西调》原是明末山西、陕西地区流行的小曲，其声调凄楚哀感，适宜表现悲情内容，传至中原遂成为清前中期的流行曲调而广泛传唱于大江南北。《边关调》亦当兴起于明末，或发源于东北，原先以表现悲感哀吟的题材为主，至清代则演化出悲感哀吟、插科打诨、雄迈悲壮等不同风格，而又以儿女之私、靡靡之音为主。%Wan hua xiao qu万花小曲 and Si xian xiao qu丝弦小曲 are the earliest folk song anthologies in the Qing Dynasty. Among the folk songs,some were inherited and developed from the folk songs of the Ming Dynasty,and others were created in the Qing Dynasty. The earliest records of Xi diao 西调 and Bian guan diao边关调 can be traced back to the early Qing Dynasty:the former originated in the region covering Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province in the late Ming Dynasty;and with a sad tone,it was suitable for a tragic situation. Xi diao became very popular in the central,southern and eastern areas of China in the early and mid-Qing Dynasty. Bian guan diao maybe originated in the north-eastern part of China in the late Ming Dynasty. Its tune was originally used to express the theme of sadness and sorrow,but later it evolved into different styles fit respectively for comic,solemn as well as tragic themes in the Qing Dynasty.
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