“用制度保护生态环境”的伦理困境与道德自觉

摘要

“Protecting ecological environment through institutionalization”means, the first, to form regulations and norms of ecological environment protection for the public, and the second, to establish ecological environment protection system at the national level so as to form general institutional power to protect environment in lives and maintain the harmonious relations between human beings and nature. However, in reality,“protecting ecological environment through institutionalization”has been facing ethical predicaments such as conflicts of human nature, improper positioning of justice and profits, chaos of values, unbalance of heteronomy and self⁃discipline. The ultimate way to cast off these predicaments is to institutionalize with moral self⁃consciousness and establish people⁃oriented environmental protection system and moral system characterized by human⁃nature harmony based on the new view of human nature,“ecological social person”, ecological values, and ecological view of justice and profits.%“用制度保护生态环境”具有两层含义：一是在社会层面形成大家共同遵守的保护生态环境的办事规程或行为准则，二在国家层面形成一种保护生态环境的制度体系。目的是要形成一种生活中保护环境的广泛的体制性力量，以确保人与自然之间关系的和谐永续。然而，现实中“用制度保护生态环境”正在并将继续遭遇人性违和、义利定位失当、价值取向混沌、他律与自律失衡等伦理困境，摆脱这种困境的根本途径是以道德自觉铸造制度之魂，以新的“生态社会人”人性观、生态价值观、生态义利观，构建以人为本、人自和谐的环境保护制度体系和道德体系。