Objective Small cell cancer of the gallbladder is a very rare tumor with insidious onset and poor prognosis. This study aims to gain a deeper insight into small cell cancer of the gallbladder. Methods We reported a case of small cell cancer of the gallbladder confirmed by histopathology after surgery, which was followed by chemotherapy. We analyzed the clinical manifestations, histological features and treatment principles of the disease with a review of the literature. Results There were no typical clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed positive expressions of neuron-specific eno-lase ( NSE ), synaptophysin ( Syn ), and chromogranin A ( CgA ) in the cytoplasm. Conclusion Small cell cancer of the gallbladder, as a rare malignancy, is easily misdiagnosed. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are essential for its diagnosis, and the combination of surgery and chemotherapy can improve the survival of the patient.%目的 胆囊小细胞癌罕见,起病隐匿,预后差.文中结合临床病例并复习文献,以提高对胆囊小细胞癌的认识.方法 报道1例胆囊小细胞癌,经手术切除及组织病理学证实,术后行全身化疗.结合文献对胆囊小细胞癌的发生、临床表现、组织学特点、治疗原则等进行讨论.结果 胆囊小细胞癌临床症状以及影像学检查无特征性表现,需经病理组织以及免疫组化方法明确,细胞质内常表达神经元特异性烯醇化酶、突触素或嗜铬蛋白.结论 该病是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤,容易误诊,组织病理和免疫组化对该病诊断具有重要价值,联合手术和化疗可以提高生存期.
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