The applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biotechnology and environmental, and so on, has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The magnetic nanoparticles with suitable surface modification are capable of binding molecules selectively. Magnetic nanoparticles and the magnetic separations, magnetic detections have advantages of rapidity, convenience and high selectivity. In this review, the applications of magnetic nanoparticles in separation (including ion exchange and adsorbing organic compounds in water treatment, barrier separation, bioseparation, and so on) and detection (including water quality detection, bioassay, food safety detection) were reviewed. This paper have guiding significance for the construction of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles and their applications in separation and detection.%磁性纳米材料应用于生物、环境等众多领域近年来受到了广泛关注.磁性纳米粒子经过适当的表面修饰,可高度选择性地结合目标分子,在解决目标物的快速分离检测及高特异性的选择性分离检测方面具有优势.本文介绍了磁性纳米粒子在分离(包括水处理中的离子吸附分离、水处理中有机物吸附分离、膜分离、生物分离和其他分离)及分析检测(包括水体检测、生物监测、食品安全检测)中的应用,对多功能磁性纳米粒子的构建及其在分离及分析检测领域中的应用具有指导意义.
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