解读卢梭的人民主权论

摘要

Emphasizing people’s sovereignty and holding the state power—a typical people’s sovereignty stipulated in Rousseau’s theory,can be regarded as the most representative democratic thought at the contemporary time.Ac-cording to his thought,people’s sovereignty is non-transferable,non-represented,indivisible,and belonging to people with the right of resistance as well.His doctrine concerning people’s sovereignty used to be the soul of the French Revolution,and it encouraged the American people to fight for national independence,and also mobilized the old democratic revolution in China.However,his theory failed again to go beyond the limitation of the era,fea-tured Utopia and served as the hotbed of despotism.Nowadays,at the time the practice of people’s democracy has been highly advocated,it is of great importance to keep abreast of Rousseau’s basic theory of people’s sovereignty and its main connotation,and to explicit its positive and negative implications through plenty of examples.%强调人民拥有主权，拥有国家权力———卢梭的人民主权论可以说是近代最具代表性的民主思想。他的思想中，人民主权不可转让、不可被代表、不可分割，应该属于人民，并且人民拥有反抗权。他的人民主权学说是法国大革命的灵魂，鼓舞了美国人民争取民族独立，动员了中国的旧民主主义革命，同时也未能超出时代的局限性，具有乌托邦色彩，是专制主义的温床。在高调践行人民民主的今天，了解卢梭人民主权论思想的理论基础、主要内涵以及通过大量例证说明其理论正反两方面意义具有极其重要的作用。