《左传》与希罗多德《历史》战争观之比较

摘要

Zuo Zhuan and Herodotus History are both significant historical literature in each country. Both books describe wars in shared and different viewpoints. Both of them agree the nature of war is beneficial competi- tion, confused the boundary of being fair and unfair. Zuo Zhuan holds that people ' s support, strategies and diplo- matic policies are key factors leading to victory. Herodotus History thinks that military power is the decisive factor. The different viewpoints reflects two different cultures. Zuo Zhuan believes that polictics, economics are just as im- portant as military power. However, Herodotus History shows strong averse to war.%《左传》与希罗多德《历史》分别是中国与希腊古代两部重要的历史著作,二书都以叙述战争见长,并体现出同中有异的战争观：首先,在对战争的根源与性质的认识上,二书都认为战争是利益之争,模糊了正义与非正义的界限;其次,在对战争胜负因素的认识上,《左传》认为人心向背、战略战术、外交政策是制胜关键,而《历史》则认为军事实力才是决定因素。二书的不同之处体现出两国在文化传统上的差异。最后,在对战争地位与作用的认识上,二书虽然都认为战争是成就功业的重要工具,但《左传》认为政治、经济与军事同等重要,并不一味迷信武力,《历史》则充分表达了对战争的反感,对和平的向往。