北方三省区吸毒成瘾人群药物滥用现状及行为特征分析

摘要

目的 了解甘肃省、内蒙古自治区、宁夏回族自治区吸毒成瘾人群药物滥用现状,为该地区药物滥用的防治提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法抽取北方三省区15个强制隔离戒毒所内的5677例吸毒成瘾者为研究对象;采用自行设计的调查问卷,对研究对象开展面对面流行病学调查.结果 (1)北方三省区药物滥用种类共28种,前5顺位(滥用率)依次为海洛因(67.6％)、冰毒(28.3％)、底料加黄皮(11.6％)、复方地芬诺酯片(9.4％)和曲马多(9.2％);(2)北方三省区吸毒成瘾人群药物滥用种类、滥用率和顺位存在差异;(3)滥用年限、戒毒次数、获得难易程度、主要获得途径是主要毒品滥用的影响因素.结论 北方三省区吸毒成瘾人群药物滥用种类以海洛因、冰毒和底料加黄皮为主,并辅以医疗用药物的滥用.3种主要毒品在不同省份、滥用特征方面均存在一定的差异性,提示应根据各地区不同的滥用特点采取相应的防治策略.%Objective To investigate the status of drug abuse among drug addicts in three provinces of northern China and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of drug abuse in this region.Methods With a self-designed questionnaire,an epidemiological investigation was carried out among 5,677 drug addicts selected from 15 compulsory isolation detoxification centers of Gansu Province,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region using the stratified cluster sampling method.Results (I) 28 kinds of drugs were used by drug addicts:the top five being (prevalence) heroin (67.6％),meth amphetamine (28.3％),bottom material of Wampee (11.6％),Diphenoxylate (11.6％),Tramadol (9.2％);(2) The type,rank,and prevalence of drug abuse were different between those provinces.(3) Years of abuse,times for detoxification,ways of acquisition were all important factors influencing the incidence of drug abuse.Conclusion The major categories of drug-abuse behaviors in northern China were methamphetamine,heroin and its derivatives,in addition to the drug-abuse behaviors of medical drugs.Provinces and characteris tics of drug abuse were different between the three drugs,meaning that the prevention strategies should have been considered based on the particular situation of the different regions.