基于 UM 的车辆-轨道耦合动力学建模及仿真分析

摘要

基于多体系统动力学理论，分析某动车各构造拓扑关系及其力学特性，利用多体动力学软件 UM 建立50个自由度的车辆-轨道动力学模型，仿真分析了车辆的非线性临界速度、脱轨系数、振动加速度及平稳性指数等动力学特性，获得了该型动车直线运行的非线性临界速度477 km／h；以200 km／h 的时速通过曲线半径 R ＝4000 m的曲线线路时车体横向、垂向 Sperling 平稳性指数分别为2．01和1．69；车体横向、垂向加速度分别为0．062g 和0．046g ；1位轮对的最大脱轨系数和轮重减载率分别为0．182和0．4064．研究结果表明：该型动车具有较好的动力学性能．%Based on the multi-body system dynamics theory,the topological relations and mechani-cal characteristics of a certain EMU are analyzed,a 50 degree-of-freedom of the vehicle-track dy-namics model is established by the multi-body dynamics software UM,and the nonlinear critical speed,derailment coefficient,acceleration and stability index of the vehicle are obtained by simula-tion.The results show that when EMU crosses a straight line,the nonlinear critical speed is 477 km/h;when EMU crosses the curve whose radius is R =4 000 m with a speed of 200 km/h,the lateral and vertical Sperling stability indexes are 2.01 and 1.69;the maximum lateral and vertical acceleration of the vehicle sample point is 0.062g and 0.046g ;the maximum lateral and vertical acceleration of the vehicle body is 0.062g and 0.046g ;the maximum derailment coefficient and wheel load reduction rates of the 1st wheel are 0.182 and 0.406 4.The results show that EMU has better dynamic performance.