浅水湖泊植被分布格局及草-藻型生态系统转化过程中植物群落演替特征:安徽菜子湖案例

摘要

Species composition and vegetation distribution patterns of Lake Caizi were investigated during September 2005 to October 2009.Combining with the data of nearly ten years monitoring, the succession of macrophyte communities and its driving factors were analyzed in Lake Caizi.There are 147 vascular plant species belonging to i01 genera in 42 families.The vegetation distribution pattern exhibited the following characteristics: 1 ) the dominant associations of submerged plant communities(Potamogeton malaianus and Hydrilla verticillata) and floating plant communities( Trapa bispinosa ) in the central areas of lake with deeper water level; 2 ) the dominant associations of emergent plant communities ( Zizania caduciflora and Polygonum orientale + P.1 apathifolium) and floating plant communities ( Nymaphoides peltata ) near the shore areas with shallow level; and 3 ) the dominant associations of wetland plant communities( Ranunculus polii, Carex thunbergii and Potentiua supina ) on the lake beach in spring.The patchy area of Phalaris arundinacea distributed on the beach, and the communities succession exhibited the following series: 1 ) submerged plant communitie stage with the dominant associations of Vallisineria natans + Hydrilla verticillata; 2 ) floating plant eommunitie stage, T.bispinosa + N.peltatum; 3 ) the stage of several submerged plant communities, P.malaianus; 4 ) the transition stage from macrophyte-dominated to phytoplankton-dominated.The distribution area of P.arundinaeea had expanded in the past 5 years.The driving force of succession was human factors as aquaculture, reclaimafion, as well as hydrological changes, etc.%2005年9月-2009年10月对菜子湖湿地植被分布格局及种类组成进行调查,结合近十年的监测数据.分析了菜子湖水生植物群落的演替过程和驱动因素.结果表明:菜子湖维管植物共有147种,隶属于42科101属.植被分布格局为:①中部水位较深的区域.以马来眼子菜群丛,黑藻群从等沉水植物群落和野菱群丛等根生浮叶植物群落为主;②靠近岸边浅水区以菰群丛、荭蓼+酸模叶蓼群丛等挺水植物群落和善菜群丛等根生浮叶植物群落为主;③春季湖滩以肉根毛茛群从、陌上菅群丛和朝天委陵菜群丛为优势的湿生植物群落为主,并且三者在滩涂沿高程梯度旱带状分布.湖滩上还间有虉草群丛.群落演替系列为:①沉水植物群落阶段.黑藻+苦草(1999-2004年);②浮叶植物群落阶段,菱+莕菜(2005-2007年);③少量的沉水植物群落阶段,马来眼子菜(2008-2009年);④草型向藻型湖泊生态系统过渡阶段(2009年以后),虉草最近5年在菜子湖呈扩张趋势.演替的驱动力为围网养殖、围湖造田、水利工程等人为因素.