蓝藻暴发及其打捞后的随意堆放,会产生藻毒素、多环芳烃、臭味气体等有毒物质.通过实验室模拟巢湖蓝藻死亡衰败过程,检测其中的有机元素、沥青(A)、饱和烃、芳烃等含量变化,探讨了死亡衰败阶段蓝藻有害成分尤其是多环芳烃等有毒物质的形成及控制对策.结果表明,蓝藻死亡衰败过程中,经兼性工艺处理的蓝藻其芳烃类总含量最低,多环芳烃的种类和含量也最低.单纯厌氧作用使芳烃含量略有升高,而单纯的好氧作用使饱和烃含量增高,并随作用时间的延长而增加,在好氧处理3个月的蓝藻中达到最高值.因此,本文认为兼性工艺处理的蓝藻最适于堆肥等资源化利用,其发酵液通入农田用作肥料,气体收集用于燃烧.并且提出依靠蓝藻死亡衰败过程中的藻胆蛋白、叶绿素等的荧光强度来监测其死亡衰败进程,进而控制其有害成分形成的对策.%Cyanobacteria after outbreak and being randomly distributed produced microcystins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, harmful gases and other toxic substances. In this paper, the process of cyanobacteria decaying was simulated in laboratory, and the changes of organic elements, chloroform extracts A, saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbon during decaying of cyanobacteria had been surveyed. On this basis, we discussed the countermeasure of aromatic hydrocarbons and other toxic substances produced from the accumulation cyanobacteria. Results showed that after 1-month aerobic and 1-month anaerobic decaying, the contents of total aromatics and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cyanobacteria were decreased to the lowest. Besides, the anaerobic treatment increased the content of total aromatics slightly. The longer the action time of aerobic, the higher content of saturated hydrocarbons, and to the highest in cyanobacteria after 3-month aerobic decaying. N-alkanes will occur relatively strong C-C bond cleavage process, mainly generated small molecules gaseous hydrocarbons. Therefore, we argued that the cyanobacteria, which after 1 -month aerobic and 1 -month anaerobic decaying, was more suitable for organic fertilizer resource utilization in a pool, then the gas collected for combustion; the cyanobacteria after 3-month aerobic decaying was more suitable for bio-energy. Accordingly, we proposed that monitoring the humification process and to control the formation of harmful ingredients reiving on the fluorescence intensity of phycobiliprotein and chlorophyll.
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