蒙古族民间童话“狠心的父亲”的双重阐释

摘要

The image of the“cruel father”always exists in Mongolian folk fairy tales,and its manifestations involve the phenomenon of the absence of fathers,the abuse of the children and the setting up“fathers”to be the growing obstacles.From the perspectives of an-thropology,sociology and psychology,especially for the primitive customs of King′s sacrifice and adult ceremony,the “cruel father”shows the fear from fathers to young adults and the push for their growth.The main causes for fathers′cruelty are the perspective of the young adults in the narration of the tales and the simplicity,typification and symbolization of these tales.%蒙古族民间童话中普遍存在着“狠心的父亲”形象。它的表现形态为失父现象、虐子现象、设置成长障碍的“父亲”。从人类学、社会学、心理学等角度来看，尤其是有关原始国王献祭和少年成人仪式的习俗，“狠心的父亲”的塑造同时反映了父亲对于少年成人的恐惧和对少年成长的推动。而童话叙事的少年立场，以及童话的简单化、类型化、象征化的叙事策略，是促成父亲形象表现为“狠心”的主要原因。