Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin in the treatment of the patients with primary hyperlipidemia in China.Methods:The related literatures in CNKI,VIP,Wanfang medicine network,PubMed/MEDLINE,CBM and Chinese dissertations full text database were retrievaled by computer from the establishment time of database to December 31,2015. Two researchers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria independently selected the studies and extracted the data and assessed the quality of the literatures.The Revman 5.0 software was used to perform Meta analysis of all effect indicators in various groups.Results:A total of 7 randomized controlled trial (RCT)were included,and there was no significant abnormality in bias evaluation. 8 weeks after treatment, the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)levels of the patients in 5 mg rosuvastain group and 10 mg atorvastatin group had no significant differences between before and after treatment (P >0.05);the HDL-C levels of the patients in 10 mg rosuvastatin group and 10 mg atorvastatin group had significant differences between before and after treatment (P < 0.05),but the TG,TC,and LDL-C levels had no significant differences (P >0.05);the TG,TC,LDL-C and HDL-C levels of the patients in 5 mg and 10 mg rosuvastatin groups had no significant differences between before and after treatment (P > 0.05).12 weeks after treatment,there were no significant differences in the TC and LDL-C levels between 10 mg rosuvastatin group and 10 mg atorvastatin group (P >0.05),but there were significant differences in the TG and HDL-C levels (P <0.01).The incidence of adverse reactions of the patients in three groups had no significant differences (P >0.05).Conclusion:5 mg rosuvastatin and 10 mg atorvastatin in the treatment of the patients with primary hypercholesterolemia have similar lipid-lowering effect;with the the increase of the treatment time and the dose,10 mg rosuvastatin can obviously reduce the TG level and increase the HDL-C level of the patients,and the incidence of adverse reactions of two kinds of doses of rosuvastatin has no obvious difference.%目的：系统评价瑞舒伐他汀和阿托伐他汀治疗中国原发性高胆固醇血症患者的疗效与安全性。方法：计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、维普中文期刊数据库（VIP）、万方医学网、 PubMed／MEDLINE、中国生物医学全文数据库（CBM）和中国学位论文全文数据库中相关文献，时限为建库至2015年12月31日。由2位研究者根据纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价文献质量；采用 RevMan 5.0软件对各剂量组效应指标进行 Meta 分析。结果：共纳入7篇随机对照试验（RCT）研究，偏倚评估未见明显异常。治疗8周后，5 mg 瑞舒伐他汀组和10 mg 阿托伐他汀组患者总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）；10 mg瑞舒伐他汀组和10 mg 阿托伐他汀组患者治疗前后 HDL-C 比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05），TC、TG 和LDL-C 比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）；5 mg 瑞舒伐他汀组和10 mg 瑞舒伐他汀组患者治疗前后 TC、TG、LDL-C 和 HDL-C 比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。治疗12周后，10 mg 瑞舒伐他汀组和10 mg 阿托伐他汀组患者 TC、LDL-C 比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05），TG 和 HDL-C 比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.01）。3组患者不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。结论：5 mg 瑞舒伐他汀和10 mg 阿托伐他汀对原发性高胆固醇血症患者的降脂疗效相当，且随疗程增加、剂量增至10 mg 瑞舒伐他汀可明显降低患者 TG 和增加 HDL-C 水平，而2种剂量瑞舒伐他汀的不良反应发生率比较未见明显差异。
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