美国最高法院大法官巡回审判的历史与借鉴

摘要

最高法院巡回法庭是本轮司法改革的重要创举，以美国最高法院大法官巡回审判的兴衰史为对照可以推出巡回法庭在实现其预期的司法去地方化、审判中心下移功能时将存在很多限制。巡回法庭的设立会给最高院带来人员管理、案件管理乃至功能定位上的新问题，因此应当将巡回法庭和跨省法院合二为一，并重塑最高人民法院为统一司法裁判的专门机构。%To establish the Circuit Court of the Supreme Court is the important pioneering work of the judicial reform,the history of circuit trial of the grand justice of US Supreme Court can be used for reference to realize its expectant judicial de-localization and moving down the trial center. But the establishment of the Circuit Court will bring new problems to the Supreme Court in personnel man-agement,case management and the function orientation. Accordingly,the Circuit Court and the Cross-provincial Court should be combined. We should reshape the Supreme Court,and take it as the specialized agency of unifying the judicial adjudication.