论生态哲学视野中的《老人与海》

摘要

Hemingway′s The Old Man and the Sea has been renowned as a representative of ecoliterature which preaches harmony between man and nature.However,independent of human beings,nature is an entity of inner value and outer value from the perspective of nonanthropocentricism.To the ＂old man＂in the novel,nature only has the lucrative outer value.With the destruction of the ecological balance of nature,the favorable,sustainable symbiosis between man and nature can′t be realized.In this respect,he is no different from an anthropocentralist in industrial society who plunders nature with no regard to nature′s inner value.The ecological conception reflected in the novel is due to Hemingway′s distinctive writing ecology niche——childhood experience and family education.%在生态批评视野中,海明威的《老人与海》曾被誉为人与自然和谐相处的典范。从非人类中心主义的立场出发,自然的自我存在有其不依赖人类的意义,是内在价值与外在价值的统一体。在《老人与海》中,＂老人＂眼里的自然只具有外在的可供利用的经济价值。自然本身的生态平衡遭到破坏,人与自然的共生、互生以至生生不息成为泡影。海明威与工业社会里疯狂掠夺式的开发自然的人类中心主义者并无二致。这种生态观的形成与独特的生态位紧密相关。童年生活环境、家庭教育均在他的创作生涯中发挥着重要作用。