古日语对汉语介词的借用现象--“从”在『万葉集』中的运用

摘要

论文利用语料库对『万葉集』中的“从”进行了考察，并通过与古代汉语介词“从”的对比，全面了解万叶和歌中作为助词的“从”的使用状况，认为其借用和演化的过程反映了古汉语对日语的影响。汉语介词“从”作为万叶假名的正训字使用时，表空间的经由、起点、目的地及时间起点等意义时与古汉语基本相同，句法结构上也有借用汉语语序的现象。但是，在其后的演变过程中古日语还发展出自己特有的用法。%Through an investigation of the appearance of“cong”(从) in the Man’yōshūand corpus and comparison with“cong”as a preposition in ancient Chinese, this paper comprehensively introduces the usage of“cong”as a particle in Man’yōwaka, and holds that the borrowing and evolution process reflects the influences of ancient Chinese on Japanese. When the Chinese preposition“cong”is used as a Seikin letter in man’yōgana, it is almost the same as the ancient Chinese in expressing the meanings of“passing through”,“starting point”,“destination”in space and“starting point”in time. The borrowing phenomenon from Chinese language is also reflected in the syntactic structure. In the later evolutionary process, however, ancient Japanese develops its own peculiar usage of“cong”.