人卵丘细胞内基因表达与胚胎发育潜能的关系

摘要

缺乏准确、客观、非侵入性的胚胎评估标准是目前体外受精-胚胎移植技术所面临的主要挑战之一。本文对卵丘细胞内基因表达与胚胎及卵子发育潜能之间的相关研究进行了总结，发现卵丘细胞内特定基因的表达与胚胎发育、成熟及发育潜能之间存在紧密的联系。近年来，通过实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）及微阵列技术筛选出一系列颗粒细胞中能够预测受精结局、胚胎形态学评分、妊娠结局等胚胎发育潜能的候选标记基因，这些基因主要涉及卵丘扩展、脂类代谢、细胞凋亡等过程。然而，卵母细胞及胚胎的发育受卵泡内、外多种因素的影响。欲确立一种全面、准确、非侵入性的胚胎发育潜能评估方法仍需更深入的研究。%One of the major challenges in in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) technology is lack of an objective, accurate, noninvasive criteria for evaluating the developmental potential of embryo. We reviewed here the expressions of those genes in cumulus cells related to the developmental potential of oocyte, suggesting that there was a close relationship between the expression of some specific genes in human cumulus cells and oocyte development, maturation, and embryo developmental potential. Recently, using qRT-PCR and microarray technologies, a series of candidate genes in cumulus and granulosa cells were found to be possible markers to predict the developmental potential of embryo, such as those genes related to cumulus expansion, lipid metabolism, cell apoptosis and other aspects, which could be useful to predict fertilization outcomes, embryo morphology and pregnant outcomes. However, the development of oocyte and embryo could be affected by various factors. It is necessary to do more detailed study to develop a accurate, comprehensive and non-invasive test for evaluating the developmental potential of oocyte and embryo.