盆底功能障碍性疾病基础研究进展

摘要

Female pelvic floor dysfunction (FPFD) is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting women′s health in our country, with primary clinical manifestations of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Currently, basic and clinical studies suggest that pelvic floor muscle damage and abnormal metabolism of protein in pelvic floor supportive tissue are the major pathogenesis of FPFD. On the one hand, pelvic floor muscle damage is mainly caused by pregnancy and menopause. On the other hand, the abnormal metabolism of collagen is associated with transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β), decorin (DN), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their antagonists (TIMPs). Besides, lysyl oxidase (LOX) and Fubilin protein are relative to the abnormal metabolism of elastin. In this paper, related risk factors of pelvic floor muscle damage and factor regulation of pelvic floor supportive tissue are discussed, hoping to deepen the pathogenesis of female pelvic floor dysfunction and provide information for its clinical therapy.%女性盆底功能障碍性疾病(FPFD)是影响女性身心健康的常见慢性病之一,临床上以盆腔器官脱垂(POP)和压力性尿失禁(SUI)最为常见.目前的基础和临床研究表明,各种病因造成的盆底肌肉损伤和盆底支持组织相关蛋白代谢异常是FPFD的主要发病机制.其中,妊娠和绝经是引起盆底肌肉损伤的主要原因;而盆底支持组织胶原蛋白代谢异常与转化生长因子β(TGF-β)、核心蛋白聚糖(DN)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)及其组织抑制剂(TIMPs)有关,弹性蛋白的代谢异常则与赖氨酰氧化酶(LOX)和Fubilin蛋白相关.就盆底肌肉损伤和盆底支持组织调节相关因素的基础研究新进展进行综述,以期加深医务工作者对FPFD的理解,为临床治疗提供参考依据.