学术界通常以基尼系数的大小，作为衡量居民个人收入分配是否公平的依据，是对基尼系数与居民个人收入分配之间关系的误解。一个国家基尼系数的大小，与这个国家居民的个人收入分配是否公平没有关系。马克思经济学的等价交换原则是衡量居民个人收入分配是否公平的客观标准。%Equality, equity and justice can not include the relations between Gini coefficient and inhabitants'per- sonal income distribution fully. There never any equal income distribution throughout the history of human socie- ty, for which the meaning of equality in such concepts as equal or unequal distribution is unclear. Although distri- bution of social wealth represented by Gini coefficient is determined by inhabitants'personal income distribution, Gini coefficient cant reflect a definite inhabitants'personal income distribution is fair or unfair. Only exchange of equal values in a system of market economy is fair.
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