公司对外担保的效力认定以意思表示规则为核心∗

摘要

从法律行为构成要件的角度入手，《公司法》16条第1款规定的公司对外担保问题不是当事人行为能力、标的问题。因此，判断对外担保的效力应遵循意思表示规则。公司对外担保的意思表示过程是：公司董事会或股东会做出决议，形成对外担保意思，由法定代表人向外做出意思表示。无意思形成的对外担保效力，应据动机错误的效力规则确定其效力。有意思形成的对外担保效力，属于典型当事人错误，可纳入表示内容错误。由于界定赔偿责任时，须考虑相对人的过错，相对人过错取决于其审查义务，应限制相对人只是形式审查公司章程与担保决议。%From the view of legal act formation requisites,the first paragraph of Article 1 6 of the Com-pany Law which defines the problem of corporate external guaranty,does not refer to behavior capabilities or the subj ect.Therefore,the j udgement of the effectiveness of external security should follow the rules of the meaning representation.The process of the company's external security meaning expression,is that the board of directors or the shareholders will make a decision and form the meaning expression of external guarantee,while the legal representative should make the meaning expression outwardly.The effective-ness of external security without the meaning formation,should be determined according to the rule of mo-tivation errors.The effectiveness of external security with the meaning formation,if belonging to the typi-cal party error,can be included into the mistake of expression.Since the definition of the liability of com-pensation must take the fault of the relative person into consideration,whose fault depends on its obliga-tions of review,the behavior of relative person should be limited,which means relative person can only re-view the regulations of the company and the resolution of guarantee.