Nitrocellulose membrane enrichment method, real-time PCR method and the culture method were employed to detect Shigella of 137 clinical samples.Observed the positive detection rate of the three methods.The positive detection rate of the three methods were as follows:13.14%,20.44%,8.03%.Based on the culture method,the nitrocellulose membrane enrichment method made some improvements and adopted the method of“separation first,then culture”.Compared with the culture method,the positive rate was increased obviously,the two groups had statistical significance ( P <0.05).On the other hand, the nitrocellulose membrane enrichment method had short testing time,highly specific and highly positive rate and a lower cost. In addition,this method does not need specific installation and technology,so it has certain clinical application value,particularly suit for the primary medical units and the health examination management centers.The highest positive rate was the real-time PCR method,but aslo the false positive result was the highest.The lowest positive rate was the culture method,but nowadays the culture method is still as the gold standard to detect Shigella.The results showed that,the nitrocellulose membrane enrichment method had the advantages of high specificity and short testing time,this method had bright clinical applied prospect.%观察、比较硝酸纤维素膜富集法、实时荧光PCR法及传统培养法对志贺菌阳性检出率的不同．对137例临床样本分别采用硝酸纤维素膜富集法、实时荧光PCR法、传统培养法进行检测．3种方法检测结果阳性率分别为13．14％、20．44％、8．03％．硝酸纤维素膜富集法是在培养法基础上进行了一些改进，采用“先分离再培养”的方法，与传统培养法比较，检测结果阳性率明显提高，两者比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）．另一方面，硝酸纤维素膜富集法耗时较短，特异性高，成本低并且无需特殊设备，特别适宜基层检测单位和健康筛查单位使用．实时荧光PCR法检测结果阳性率最高，但同时假阳性率也最高．传统培养法检测结果阳性率最低，但现今在临床工作中仍以传统培养法作为志贺菌检测的标准方法．研究结果显示，硝酸纤维素膜富集法检测志贺菌，明显提高了检测结果的阳性率，且特异性高、耗时较短，具有很好的临床应用前景．
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